Is Fatigue All in Your Head?

Inspired by a recent review done by Timothy Noakes, an exercise physiologist out of South Africa, I will be discussing what is to me at least, a relatively new model of fatigue.

In school I was taught that exercise induced fatigue was purely a failure of the muscular system to maintain a

 given intensity of work. This idea was based on of a number of studies performed in the early 1900’s that seemed to show that cessation (termination) of exercise was the result of an oxygen deficit in the working muscles, specifically in the heart. So what this model proposes is that at a certain intensity of exercise oxygen can no longer be delivered to the heart at the rate it is being consumed. In order to protect the heart from essentially having a heart attack, there would then be a slowing of the heart rate in order to reduce its oxygen consumption, which would result in less blood to the muscles, which would ultimately result in the termination of the exercise. This is what I was taught, and it makes sense at first glance.

Noakes however, raises the question that something must be controlling the heart rate and causing it to slow down in order to protect itself from what he calls a “catastrophic failure”, or in other words, to protect homeostasis (the status quo of the body). By bringing the idea of homeostasis into the picture, things have gotten a lot more interesting, because one of the things that we are finding more and more is that when it comes to matters of homeostasis, the brain is almost always the one regulating it. And if the brain is indeed limiting exercise, this has powerful implications for the current model of fatigue because it would then no longer be purely a muscular issue, but rather one that also includes the brain. Noakes refers to this as the “governor hypothesis”, because there is something (in this case the brain) that is governing the intensity of the exercise and limiting it accordingly.

                Noakes goes into a lot more detail, but I will highlight what pertains to us in the gym. First, and this is what is really important, is that your mental state greatly affects your physical performance. He lists a number of factors that he believes play a role in how soon fatigue sets in, including:

emotional state, mental fatigue, sleep deprivation, state of recovery from previous exercise session, as well as a bunch of other factors.

In fact, in 2009 a study was published in the Journal of Applied Physiology displaying this. They had subjects perform a test meant to mentally fatigue them, and they then tested their performance on an exercise bike. With no differences in physiological parameters the subjects all performed worse after having gone through the mental fatigue exercise (Marcora, 2009). I think this really coincides with my experience working out and training in the X Gym ; I can usually tell when someone has a lot going in their life outside the gym because it affects their performance in the workout.

When you think about it, there is nothing that is making them physically weaker, yet they often fatigue out faster or simply don’t have the will to keep going. More important than this though, is that while all these factors will certainly make your workout seem harder, in the end what really determines how you perform is whether or not you choose to do well. Noakes gives the example of distance runners sprinting to finish a race. Logically you would think that at the end of a long race you wouldn’t have much energy left and you should theoretically be at your slowest. But this is never the case is it? We always see the runners go even harder at the very end. What changed was their motivation.

If you can find ways to motivate yourself to push through the pain, you will. No matter how bad your day was, if you can find something positive about your workouts to focus on, not only will you fatigue slower, according to these studies there will actually be less pain as well. And that to me is the big take home message:approach your workouts with a positive attitude to get the most out of them.

 I’m not saying you have to get super excited and love everything about them, but just try to have a good attitude towards the whole thing. If all you focus on is the pain, then guess what: it is probably going to hurt. Everyone has it in them to be tough and to be disciplined. Like everything, it just takes practice. So, keep practicing!